The Cumberland Gap Americas First Gateway to the West

The Cumberland Gap is a V-shaped passage through the Appalachian Mountains at the intersection of Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee. Aided by continental shifts, a meteorite impact, and flowing water, the Cumberland Gap region has become a visual marvel and a timeless asset to human and animal migration. Today, the Cumberland Gap National Historic Park acts as a preserve for this historic gateway. Geologic History of Cumberland Gap Beginning over 300 million years ago, geologic processes built the Appalachian Mountains and later carved a passage through them. The collision of the European and North American continental plates forced present day North America below sea level. The remains of water dwelling creatures settled and formed limestone rock, later overlain by shale and sandstone, providing the groundwork for a pending mountain range. Roughly 100 million years later, North America collided with Africa, causing the young pliable rock to fold and uplift. This collision resulted in the rippled and crumpled appearance of the United States eastern seaboard, now known as the Appalachian Mountains. It is widely accepted that the Cumberland Gap in Appalachia was formed by flowing water during the continental plate collisions. A recent theory belonging to historical geographer Barry Vann suggests a more complex narrative: running water did indeed have a role in forming the gap, but science indicates its creation was aided by an impact from outer space. The Cumberland Gap is a passageway running through Cumberland Mountain at the Virginia-Kentucky border. Lying south of the Middlesboro Basin in Kentucky, geologists have found evidence of an ancient meteor crater adjacent to the Cumberland Gap. Creating the now hidden Middlesboro Crater, this violent impact excavated portions of loose soil and rock from nearby mountains. This shaped the passage and allowed water to flow through, helping carve the Cumberland Gap into what it is today. An American Gateway The Appalachian Mountains have long been an obstacle in animal migration, and American westward expansion. It is reported that there are only three natural pathways through the treacherous valleys and ridges, one being the Cumberland Gap. During the last ice age, herds of animals in search of food and warmth used this passage to migrate south. The trail became an asset to Native American groups as well, assisting them during times of war and westward migration. With time and European influence, this rustic footpath became a refined road. During the 1600s, European hunters spread word about a notch cutting through the mountains. In 1750, physician and explorer Thomas Walker encountered this Appalachian wonder. After exploring a nearby cavern, he referred to it as â€Å"Cave Gap.† He came upon a river just north of the gap and named it â€Å"Cumberland† after the Duke of Cumberland, son of King George II. The Cumberland Gap passage was named after Walker’s Cumberland River. In 1775, Daniel Boone and a party of woodsmen were the first to mark the Cumberland Gap trail, as they traveled from Virginia to Kentucky. After the passage gained a steady stream of settlers, the state of Kentucky was admitted into the Union. Up until 1810, the Cumberland Gap was known as â€Å"the way West.† Between the 18th and 19th centuries, it served as a travel corridor for over 200,000 migrants. The Cumberland Gap remained a major route for travel and trade during the 20th century. Cumberland Gap 21st Century Operation In 1980, engineers began a seventeen-year feat at the Cumberland Gap. Completed in October of 1996, the 280-million-dollar Cumberland Gap Tunnel is 4,600 feet long. The east entrance is in Tennessee, and the west entrance is in Kentucky. Although the Gap exists at the intersection of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia, the tunnel itself just misses the state of Virginia by 1,000 feet. This four-lane tunnel is an asset to transportation throughout the region. Providing a direct link between the town of Middlesboro, Kentucky, and Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, the tunnel replaces a two-mile section of the U.S. Route 25E. Previously known as â€Å"Massacre Mountain,† the U.S. 25E followed the historic wagon trail and the dangerous curves of the primitive passage. This highway has seen many deaths, and Kentucky officials say the Cumberland Gap Tunnel is safer for motorists, eliminating much of the hazard. According to a 1996 article from the Lexington-Herald Leader, the Cumberland Gap Tunnel â€Å"has spurred highway expansion in three states, hopes for tourism in small communities near the Gap, and dreams of restoring the wilderness trail that Daniel Boone blazed in the 1700s.† By the year 2020, the number of cars passing through the Gap per day is expected to climb to 35,000. Cumberland Gap National Park The Cumberland Gap National Historic Park extends for 20 miles and ranges between one and four miles in width. It is over 20,000 acres, 14,000 of which remain wilderness. Regional flora and fauna include nearly 60 rare plant species, an abundance of kudzu, wild turkey, and black bear, among an assortment of others. Featuring historic buildings and caves, the park offers visitors a glimpse of what helped shape the nation. They can trace the experiences of early explorers through hiking trails, scenic vistas, guided tours, and cave expeditions. Cumberland Gap, Tennessee Cradled at the foot of the Cumberland Mountains, the town of Cumberland Gap is known for its historic charm. Visitors can enjoy a view of the town and tri-state area from 1,200 feet at a nearby mountain peak called Pinnacle Overlook. The town is quaint, and has merely three humble lodging establishments. There are unique craft and antique shops, restoring the spirit of colonial America. According to one visitor, â€Å"Cumberland Gap is kinda like walking into a Norman Rockwell Painting.† From the national park and historic town, to the geologic and technological splendor that is Cumberland Gap, this region is certainly worth a second glance.

Essay The Rise of Christianity Analysis - 944 Words

Why has Christianity grown so fast and how it’s spread through so many different counties. From what I have gathered from the readings I think some of the major events that happened was the temples getting destroyed over and over until they finally just kind of gave up. Also, how they stayed with other people no matter poor rich hungry cold, they even stayed and help people when the plague was there. That was when the religion really started to spread, due to people seeing more Christians survive and that Christians would take anybody in and help them. So over all, the rise of Christianity came from not just one thing, but many different things and what they did to help. Many liked Christianity because it was more appealing, happier,†¦show more content†¦At the end of the Babylonians raid the first temple was destroyed. The second temple got destroyed during Rome’s stop to the first Jewish revolt. The temple became the object of grand fury. Only after a sh ort six years after this temple was complete the Titus soldiers burnt it to the ground. Christianity is so appealing to so many people in the Roman Empire because it gives people ideas of why things happen the way it is. It was simple; it only has one god who is the creator of everything rather then the old complex religion that is a bunch of gods for everything there is. It explains why there’s evil in the universe and what is evil. It gives the people a sense of moral structure of the universe. The idea of God guaranteed safety and justice to all gave followers a sense of community and fellowship to the people. It was available to ordinary folks rather than just the higher class. There are many differences between Christian and Humanist two most important differences I can think of are there belief in god and the family values. Christian’s point of view of god: God do exist in the universe and he is active in almost all human affairs. He is the creator, provider, la wgiver, savior, redeemer, and the judge of all the people. Stark disagrees with normal belief. That Christianity was started by the lesser lower class and burdened individuals, but it was mainly the middle and upper classes that started this movement in cities. HeShow MoreRelatedThe Story of Christianity by Justo Gonzalez925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of Christianity is a book written by Justo Gonzalez; a native of Cuba. Gonzalez serves on the faculty of the Interdenominational Theological Center which is located in Atlanta Georgia. He attended Yale University, where he received his M.A. and Ph.D. in historical theology; in fact Dr. Gonzalez is the youngest person at Yale to be awarded a Ph.D. He is also one of the first generation Latino theologians and instead of growing up Catholic, comes from a protestant background. 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Improving a company Free Essays

Improving a company’s system helps aid in its success in today’s market as well as in the future of the company’s growth and stabilization. This new system that will enable the company to promptly accomplish these requirements without hesitation and will not interfere with the company’s time management protocols or add extra unneeded expenses. An information system that more specifically is â€Å"a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file rivers), printers (print servers), or network traffic (network servers). We will write a custom essay sample on Improving a company? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Clients are PC’s or workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers for resources, such as files, devices, and even processing power. † (Whooped, 2014) The Trusted Computing Base (ETC) is the part of a system that is responsible for enforcing system-wide information security policies. The user can define user access to the trusted communication path, which allows secure communication between regular users and the ETC, by installing and using the ETC. The system administrator must determine how much trust can be given to a particular program. In the ring of trust model, the outer rings contain a lower level of security, and systems requiring higher levels of security are located inside the inner rings. To move from an outer ring into an inner ring, extra security mechanisms are encountered. † (Smith, 2013) the servers will be secure and have all the securities that Ordain would like and need. There will be little or no down time to create the new virtual servers and business will not be effected. Also the disaster recovery rate is much quicker in case of a crash. The information is backed up so in case of a crash the information can be derived quickly. The information gets to the end user much more quickly than having a physical server. Physical server machines get dirty and overloaded with old files and information that is no longer needed or wanted. All information passed through the organization will be encrypted to protect vital aspects of the company operations. The virtual machine running the share point will house the encryption piece for information traffic. Utilizing a virtual server in this aspect will allow end users to generate reports by department in real time with little or no help from an information technology professional. The use of firewalls and even a virtual firewall is also recommended to protect Radian’s information. â€Å"A virtual firewall is a firewall device or service that provides network traffic filtering and monitoring for virtual machines. A virtual firewall is deployed, executed and operated from a virtual machine. Virtual firewall formats include: Stand-alone software Integrated SO kernel component. A virtual security provider’s dedicated hardware platform A virtual firewall operates in a virtual area network (VAN) environment of connected virtual machines. A virtual firewall operates in two different modes: Bridge mode: Like a rotational firewall, this mode operates by diagnosing and monitoring all incoming and outgoing traffic bound for other virtual networks or machines. Hypocrites mode: In contrast, this mode is isolated from the actual network, resides in the core hypocrites kernel and monitors the virtual host machine’s incoming and outgoing traffic. † (Technophobia, Virtual Firewall, 2014) When placing all of the business information on a server along with all of the employee information the company will want it to be secure and readily available to use. When using a virtual server there is not complete control of the physical access of the database. On the other hand the information is no longer on easy identifiable physical systems. There are multiple layers of virtual securities. The data safeguards requirements are the same as a physical server. Information that requires more safeguards is available. Information can be encrypted, role based control, and secure in many ways. Cyber-attacks are all very real threats and can be protected against also. A firewall can encrypt data at the file system that the virtual machine then uses a much managed login procedure for added protection of data against compromise. Logs are also created for looking jack on to see who, where, and when certain data was accessed. Different levels of securities will be used for different levels of data importance. Administration roles will have more securities on them than someone at the data entry level. How to cite Improving a company?, Papers

Toyota Corollas Cars Financial Calculations

Question: Describe about the Toyota Corollas Cars for Financial Calculations. Answer: 1. Given data set for the age of the used Toyota Corollas Cars and the respective advertised prices are as highlighted below: Age (yr) Price Advertised ($) 1 12995, 10950 2 10495 3 10995, 10995 4 6995, 7990 5 8700, 6995 6 5990, 4995 9 3200, 2250, 3995 11 2900, 2995 13 1750 Part A Scatter plot for the above data in order to define the relationship between the car prices and their respective ages is as illustrated below: Part B It is apparent from the above scatter plot that the given data illustrates a negative slope, which describes the linear relationship between the variables i.e. car price and car age. Additionally, the above argument would be supported with the fact that the maximum data points are fitting about a downward sloping line, which would result in low standard error and significant linear relationship of the variables. Part C - It is given in the question that the value of r2 = 0.894. Therefore, r2 = 0.894 r = = 0.945 (correlation coefficient) The value of the correlation coefficient may be positive or negative because the coefficient value is derived through taking the square root of coefficient of determination or R2. However, in the present scenario, negative slop (downward line) has obtained, which is evident in the scatter plot. Therefore, the value of r would be considered as -0.0945. Further, the r2 = 0.894 value would provide the evidence that approximately 89.4% of the deviation in the price of the cars would be explained or accounted for from the deviation in the age of the Toyota car. Part D In the present case, the given model would not account for 100% variability in the change of the price of the used Corolla cars because it is apparent from the data tables that for some of the sample vehicles, the prices are different even for the same age year. Thereby, it can be concluded that there are many factors (repairing, distance covered by car and so on) besides the age that tend to impact the vehicle price because the price and age are not providing r2=1. These imperative factors are essential in order to ascertain the price of the Corolla cars with higher precision. Part E It is mentioned in the given question that the regression line for the linear relationship model, is highlighted below: P = 12319.6 924 A Where, P = predicted price ($) A = age of car (year) There are two critical aspects in the given regression line Slope: The slope of the obtained regression line is computed as -924, which means that if the age of the used Corolla car is altered by one single year than the price of the car would be altered with the amount of $924, but in the opposite direction of the deviation in the car age. Y- intercept: The intercept of the regression line i.e. 12319.6 would provides that the price of the new Corolla car is the value of the intercept i.e. $12319.6. The price of 7 year old Corolla car would be calculated as A= 7 year, then price of car P = 12319.6 - 924 A P = 12319.6 (9247) = $5,851.6 It is recommended to the car purchaser to buy the vehicle (car), which comprises negative residual. Moreover, it is opined in the accordance of the regression line that negative residual indicates that the real price of the car is lesser in comparison of the possible expected price. This means that worth of the car is assumed to be much lower than the actual price and thus, the customer should buy the car. Beside this, the car with positive residual must not be bought because the car is overvalued and, thus not beneficial from the consumer perspective. Age of the car is given as 10 year old and the mentioned price is $1500. The aim is to compute the residual in the current case. Regression line P = 12319.6 - 924 A P = 12319.6 924 10 = $ 3,070.6 The price (predicted price) computed on the basis of the regression line is $3,070.6. Residual = Actual Price of the car - Predicted price of the car = 1500 - 3070.6 = -1,570.6 It is clear from the above calculations that negative residual has been obtained, which means the predicted value of the car is more than the actual price and thus, it is suggested to the concerned purchasers that the given car should be purchased. The aim is to find whether the current regression model is suitable to compute price for a 20 year old car. To find the usefulness/validity of this model, one needs to determine the price of a 20 year old car. Regression line P = 12319.6 - 924 A P = 12319.6 924 20 P = 12319.6 18,480 = -6,160.4 It is apparent from the above calculations that the price for 20 years old car comes out asnegative i.e. - 6,160.4, which is not possible and thus, this regression model would not be apply for evaluation of the price of 20 year old Corolla car.